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Serum antibody products are as the name implies, derived from serum, the fraction of whole blood that contains the disease-fighting proteins known as antibodies. Antibodies are produced by normal animals in response to an antigen (in our case, bacteria or bacterial toxins) and are very specific for that antigen. An antigen, in the presence of its specific antibodies is destroyed or neutralized. The end result is an animal immune to that antigen. One way to produce antibodies (immunity) is to vaccinate, but that takes time. An alternate method to produce immunity is to provide the actual antibodies in a ready-to-use format, or a serum antibody product.
Like the cavalry unit that storms over the hill to save the day, a serum antibody product provides immediate treatment or prevention of a specific threat, like bacteria or a toxin capable of causing disease in the animal. This type of immunity is known as passive immunity. Colostrum is another example of passive immunity as opposed to active immunity produced by vaccines that require a minimum of two to four weeks to produce an effective immunity. Active immunity is like the soldiers holding the fort and always ready to mobilize against an enemy threat.
Advantages of a serum antibody product are of course its immediate response. It can be used for treatment or prevention (vaccines are for prevention). Bacterial resistance is not an issue and there are no drug residues. It will not interfere with antibiotic therapy. Derived from live animals, it is a natural product (thimerosol and phenol are added as preservatives).
Serum antibody products can be used as an immediate, but temporary prevention of a disease or as a treatment of a current disease. It can be used to supplement inadequate consumption or quality of colostrums. A producer can supplement or support an antibiotic treatment or treat animals that are not responding to treatment. They can also be used in the face of an epizootic (animal version of an outbreak).
Remember the protection will be short-term, lasting only about ten to fourteen days. For long-term protection, vaccination should follow about two to three weeks after the use of a serum antibody product. As always, read and follow the label directions. At Colorado Serum Company, we provide four serum antibody products.
INDICATIONS: For use as an aid in the prevention and treatment of enteric and respiratory conditions caused by the micro-organisms named.
Contains thimerosal and phenol as preservatives.
DIRECTIONS: Store at 2° to 7° C. Do not freeze. Shake well before use. Use entire contents when first opened. Do not vaccinate within 21 days before slaughter.
PRECAUTIONS: Anaphylactoid reaction may occur following administration of products of this nature. If noted, administer adrenalin or equivalent.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Inject subcutaneously or intramuscularly and repeat according to judgment of user. Administer at 12-24 hour intervals until improvement is noted. Use multiple sites or IV for large doses.
It is recommended to limit injections to no more than 10ml per injection site.
| Calves | Cattle | Sheep | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| For Prevention: | 20 to 40 ml | 50 to 75 ml | 10 to 15 ml | Provides immediate and short-term protection lasting 7-21 days |
| For Treatment: | 40 to 100 ml | 75 to 150 ml | 20 to 40 ml | Can be used in conjunction with antibiotic treatments |
FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY
INDICATIONS: For use as an aid in the temporary prevention or treatment of Clostridial enterotoxemia in cattle, sheep, and goats caused by types B,C, and D toxin and in swine when caused by type C. Type D is not known to cause disease in swine and type B is not a significant problem in North America .
Contains phenol and thimerosal as preservatives.
DIRECTIONS: Store at 2° to 7° C. Do not freeze. Shake well before use. Use entire contents when first opened. Do not vaccinate within 21 days before slaughter.
PRECAUTIONS: Anaphylactoid reaction may occur following administration of products of this nature. If noted, administer adrenalin or equivalent.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: For prevention lasting approximately 3 weeks, the following doses should be administered subcutaneously:
| Suckling Lambs, Goats and Pigs | 5 ml |
| Suckling Calves, Feeder Lambs & Pigs | 10 ml |
| Feeder Calves and Cattle | 25 ml |
For treatment, double the preventative dose.
A more rapid effect can be achieved by intravenous administration, with repeat dosages as often as 12 hour intervals.
FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY
SERUM ANTIBODY: Prepared from the blood of horses hyperimmunized with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae with phenol and thimerosal as preservatives. Store in dark at 2º to 7º C.
WHEN TO VACCINATE: Used for passive immunity of approximately 14-21 days, in pigs too young to be actively immunized and during outbreaks. Also use in therapeutic doses to sick animals.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Aseptically inject subcutaneously, small pigs in axillary space (armpit); larger hogs in pocket behind the ear. The following doses are recommended:
| Under 50# | 50-75# | 75-100# | Over 100# | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevention | 5 ml | 10 ml | 15 ml | 20 ml |
| Treatment | Double above and repeat in 24 to 48 hours | |||
PRECAUTIONS: Use entire contents when vial is first opened. Do not vaccinate within 21 days before slaughter. If anaphylaxis (shock) occurs, administer adrenalin or equivalent.
NORMAL EQUINE SERUM: Prepared from the blood of normal healthy horses. Contains phenol and thimerosal as preservatives. Store in dark at 2º to 7º C.
WHEN TO VACCINATE: Recommended for non-specific treatment of horses for hemorrhage, shock following injury, and for debilitating conditions for which blood enrichment is desirable.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Aseptically inject subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously, 50 ml to 250 ml, depending upon weight of animal and judgment of veterinarian administering. Repeat doses may be given.
PRECAUTIONS: Use entire contents when first opened. Do not inject meat animals within 21 days before slaughter; if anaphylaxis (shock) occurs, administer adrenalin or equivalent.
SERUM HEPATITIS: Literature associates this infrequent condition partially with injection of biologics containing equine serum or tissue. At present, this connection is based upon supposition not scientific evidence, as efforts to experimentally reproduce such a condition have not been successful. In view of published implications, it seems prudent to make horse owners aware of it.
INDICATIONS: For use as an aid in the prevention and treatment of tetanus in animals.
Contains phenol and thimerosal as preservatives.
DIRECTIONS: Store at 2° to 7° C. Do not freeze. Use entire contents when first opened. Do not vaccinate within 21 days before slaughter.
Administration of Tetanus Antitoxin is recommended for use whenever a non-immunized animal, or one whose immune status is unknown, suffers a deep penetrating wound that has or may become contaminated with soil. It provides quick but short-term protection. Antitoxin may also be administered to animals following castration, docking, and other operations performed on premises upon which tetanus infection has been a problem.
Vaccination with tetanus toxoid is recommended for healthy domestic animals not infected with tetanus, to establish an active immunity for prevention against disease. Consult with a veterinarian for specific vaccination recommendations.
PRECAUTIONS: Anaphylactoid reaction may occur following administration of products of this nature. If noted, administer adrenalin or equivalent.
In the event of accidental human exposure, consult a physician.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Tetanus antitoxin confers immediate passive immunity lasting about 7 to 14 days. 1500 units administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly is the recommended dose for prevention.
Large doses of Tetanus Antitoxin may provide beneficial response in animals already infected with tetanus, but success of treatment is not assured. For treatment, administer 10,000 to 50,000 units to horses and cattle; 3,000 to 15,000 units to sheep and swine.
Animals that suffer slow healing puncture wounds or deep abrasions should be given a second dose of antitoxin in 7 days and additionally as considered necessary.
FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY
INDICATIONS: For use as an aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases in calves, cattle, and sheep due to the organisms named in the formulation which are often associated with Shipping Fever, Hemorrhagic Septicemia, and Pasteurellosis.
Donor cattle are hyperimmunized with Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Mannheimia haemolytica Types 1 and 2, and Pasteurella multocida Type A (bovine). They also received repeated injections of Bovine rhinotracheitis, Virus diarrhea and Parainfluenza3 viruses.
Contains phenol and thimerosal as preservatives.
DIRECTIONS: Store at 2° to 7° C. Do not freeze. Shake well before use. Use entire contents when first opened. Do not vaccinate within 21 days before slaughter.
PRECAUTIONS: Anaphylactoid reaction may occur following administration of products of this nature. If noted, administer adrenalin or equivalent.
Cattle should not be vaccinated with injectable Bovine rhinotracheitis, Virus diarrhea, or Parainfluenza3 for 21 days after administration of Respiragen.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Inject subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Dosage my be repeated according to the judgment of the user.
Use multiple sites or IV for large doses. It is recommended to limit injections to no more than 10 ml per injection site.
| Prevention: Provides immediate and short-term protection lasting 7-21 days | |
| Calves | 20-40ml as soon after birth as possible |
|---|---|
| Cattle | 50-75ml |
| Sheep | 10-15ml |
| Treatment: Can be used in conjunction with antibiotic treatments | |
| Calves | 40-100ml |
|---|---|
| Cattle | 75-150ml |
| Sheep | 20-40ml |
FOR VETERINARY USE ONLY
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